Binary blended cement pastes and concrete using gravel wash mud (GWM) powders

An alternative supplementary cementitious material (SCM) based on quarry waste sludge, namely gravel wash mud (GWM) powder, is investigated for its performance in blended cement pastes and concretes. Varying mix designs of concrete mixtures at Ordinary Portland (OPC) substitution degrees from 10 wt% up to 30 by uncalcined calcined GWM powders were examined different curing ages using isothermal calorimetry, strength-based examinations, shrinkage test, carbonation test scanning electron microscopy. The pozzolanic nature the powder was confirmed, however, minor no significant physiochemical contributions early hydration reactions observed. incorporation OPC replacement levels 20 showed an enhancement long-term properties hardened specimens, less drying reduced progression compared control mixtures. Beneficial strength-enhancing effects observed binary mixes classified them as viable proportions SCM-based revalorisation GWM, a product, novel competitive raw resource production, would provide environmental-friendly solution expensive inefficient end-of-life scenario landfills.